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Cara Menghitung Diskon

3 Ways to Calculate Discounts That Boost Sales and Keep Profits

3 ways to calculate discounts for online businesses are by using the basic formula, calculating COGS first, and using the reverse calculation method.

Ketika kamu berbisnis online, kamu pasti pernah berada di posisi harus memberikan diskon supaya produk tetap laku. Namun, di sisi lain, kamu juga harus menjaga supaya bisnis tetap untung. Makanya, kamu perlu belajar cara menghitung diskon yang tepat.

Sumber Gambar: Unsplash.com

Di artikel ini, kita akan bahas tiga cara menghitung diskon dari harga asli. 

1. Gunakan Rumus Dasar Diskon

Ini cara menghitung diskon harga yang paling dasar dan wajib kamu kuasai:

Diskon (Rp) = Harga Awal × (Persentase Diskon ÷ 100)
Harga Setelah Diskon = Harga Awal − Diskon (Rp)

Contohnya, kamu jual produk seharga Rp200.000 dan pengen kasih diskon 25%:

  • Diskon = Rp200.000 × (25/100) = Rp50.000
  • Harga setelah diskon = Rp200.000 − Rp50.000 = Rp150.000

Cara ini cocok kalau kamu cuma pengen potong harga secara langsung dan cepat. Tapi kamu tetap harus hitung-hitung, karena harga setelah diskon belum tentu bikin kamu untung. 

Misalnya, harga awal produk Rp200.000 dan setelah diskon 25% jadi Rp150.000, tapi kalau HPP kamu sebenarnya Rp140.000, berarti kamu cuma dapat untung Rp10.000 per produk. Margin ini tergolong kecil dan bisa nggak nutup biaya operasional kayak ongkir, kemasan, atau fee dari marketplace.

Selain itu, diskon yang terlalu besar tanpa strategi bisa ngebentuk kebiasaan pelanggan buat beli cuma pas ada promo. Akhirnya, kamu jadi ketergantungan diskon dan margin makin tergerus. 

Jadi, walaupun rumusnya gampang, kamu tetap harus lihat kondisi bisnis dan tujuan diskonnya. 

2. Hitung HPP Dulu, Baru Tentukan Batas Diskon

Nah, biar tetap untung, kamu harus tahu dulu HPP alias Harga Pokok Produksi. Jangan sampai harga setelah diskon lebih kecil dari HPP. Kalau itu terjadi, artinya kamu rugi tiap kali produk terjual.

Misalnya:

  • Harga awal: Rp200.000
  • HPP: Rp130.000

Diskon maksimal yang bisa kamu kasih supaya nggak rugi:
Rp200.000 − Rp130.000 = Rp70.000 → Ini sama dengan diskon 35%

Jadi kalau kamu kasih diskon di bawah 35%, misalnya 20% atau 25%, umumnya masih aman karena kamu masih punya ruang keuntungan dari selisih antara harga jual dan HPP. 

Tapi kamu tetap perlu pastikan bahwa margin setelah diskon itu cukup untuk menutup biaya operasional seperti ongkir, kemasan, fee platform, atau bahkan biaya promosi. 

Misalnya, kalau HPP Rp130.000 dan kamu kasih diskon hingga harga jualnya jadi Rp150.000, berarti margin kamu cuma Rp20.000. Margin ini masih bisa dibilang sehat kalau kamu jual dalam volume tinggi atau nggak banyak biaya tambahan.

Tapi kalau kamu kasih diskon lebih dari 35%, misalnya sampai 40% atau 50%, kamu harus benar-benar cek ulang semua angka. Diskon segitu bisa bikin kamu rugi kalau ternyata margin kamu langsung mepet atau bahkan negatif. 

3. Atur Keuntungan dengan Hitung Terbalik

Kamu juga bisa pakai cara perhitungan terbalik. Misalnya kamu mau untung minimal 20% setelah diskon. Caranya gampang:

Gunakan cara menghitung diskon dari harga asli ini:
Harga jual setelah diskon = HPP × (1 + margin laba)

Contoh:

  • HPP: Rp130.000
  • Margin laba yang kamu mau: 20% → 1.2

Harga jual setelah diskon = Rp130.000 × 1.2 = Rp156.000

Kalau harga awal Rp200.000, maka diskon maksimal = Rp200.000 − Rp156.000 = Rp44.000 → sekitar 22%

Cara ini cocok buat kamu yang ingin lebih terkontrol soal profit karena kamu bisa menetapkan target margin keuntungan sejak awal. Dengan kata lain, kamu nggak lagi asal kasih diskon, tapi bisa menyesuaikan harga jual berdasarkan keuntungan yang ingin kamu capai. 

Misalnya, kalau kamu sudah tahu HPP-nya Rp130.000 dan kamu pengin untung minimal 20%, maka harga jual setelah diskon harus Rp156.000.

Dari situ, kamu tinggal lihat harga awalnya berapa dan baru bisa hitung diskon maksimalnya. Cara ini bikin kamu lebih aman dalam ambil keputusan karena semuanya berdasarkan angka, bukan feeling. 

Apalagi kalau kamu jualan di platform yang punya banyak biaya tambahan seperti biaya admin, diskon otomatis, dan ongkir subsidi. Metode ini bantu kamu tetap punya ruang margin setelah semua potongan itu dikurangkan.

Bonus: Cek Efek Diskon ke Jumlah Penjualan

Diskon memang bikin untung per produk lebih kecil, tapi kalau penjualan kamu naik berkali lipat, total laba tetap bisa besar. Contohnya:

  • HPP: Rp130.000
  • Harga diskon: Rp150.000
  • Laba per produk: Rp20.000

Kalau sebelumnya cuma laku 10 pcs (Rp200.000 × 10 = Rp2.000.000), tapi setelah diskon laku 50 pcs (Rp150.000 × 50 = Rp7.500.000), kamu tetap bisa dapat total untung yang lebih besar.

Jadi, semua tergantung strategi. Diskon besar bukan berarti rugi, asal bisa ningkatin volume penjualan. Nah, kamu harus mulai mempertimbangkan volume penjualan ketika margin keuntungan per produk setelah diskon sangat kecil. 

Itulah 3 cara menghitung diskon tanpa bikin bisnis kamu tekor. Dari sini, kamu bisa belajar bahwa diskon adalah bagian dari strategi marketing. Pastikan kamu tahu HPP, tentukan target margin laba, dan mempertimbangkan efek diskon terhadap jumlah penjualan. 

Selanjutnya, kalau kamu sering kirim produk ke pelanggan di berbagai kota, jangan lupa pakai jasa pengiriman Paxel biar barang sampai lebih cepat, aman, dan bikin pelanggan makin puas. Yuk, terapkan cara hitung diskon yang tepat, dan bawa bisnismu naik level!

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